DNA
Cell wall
Plasma membranes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes (pro– = before; –karyon– = nucleus). Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes (eu– = true).
All cells share four common components:
- a plasma membrane, an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment;
- cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found;
- DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and
- ribosomes, particles that synthesize proteins. However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotic cells in several ways.
The cell wall, plasma membrane, and ribosomes can be found in prokaryotes but endoplasmic reticulum is absent.
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