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Pakistan is the world’s fifth most populous country, with a total population of 241.5 million as per the 2023 census. Of these, 51.48% are males and 48.51% are females. The annual average growth rate between the 2017 and 2023 censuses is 2.55%, surpassing the 2.4% growth rate observed between the 2017 and 1998 censuses. Notably, Pakistan’s population growth rate is the highest among the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. (Source: SDG-4 Midterm Review Pakistan, February 2024)
BACKGROUND ON THE CENSUS OF PAKISTAN
A national census is mandated by the Constitution of Pakistan to be held every ten years. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the first census took place in 1951 under Finance Minister Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad, serving under Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. Since 1951, there have been only 7 nationwide censuses (1951, 1961, 1972, 1981, 1998, 2017 and 2023).
- In 1951, the first census was conducted from 9th February to 28th February on de-facto-cum-de jure basis and an individual Census Schedule was used. The Dominion of Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan) had a population of 75.7 million, in which West Pakistan had a population of 33.7 million and East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) had a population of 42 million
- The second population census was conducted from 12th January to 31st January, 1961 on de-jure basis. The housing census was taken in September, October 1960 following by Population Census in 1961. The Housing census replaced the house-listing operation. 2nd census of Pakistan in 1961, the population was 93 million, with 42.9 million residing in West Pakistan and 50 million residing in East Pakistan.
- The third census of Pakistan was scheduled in 1971, but it was postponed due to the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971, then the third census was held in 1972. According to the 1972 census, the population of Pakistan was 65.3 million. After 1972, the Census Organization was merged into the Ministry of Interior.
- The fourth decennial Population Census of Pakistan was conducted in March, 1981. It was preceded by a Housing Census in December, 1980. In the Population Census two questionnaires were used; one short and the other long which included all topics of the short questionnaire and some more usually included in a comprehensive population census. According to the 1981 census, the population of Pakistan was 84.3 million.
- The 1998 census of Pakistan was the fifth Pakistan national census. It provided a detailed enumeration of the population of Pakistan. At the time it was conducted under the authority of the Pakistan census organization, an agency of the Government of Pakistan According to the 1998 census, the population of Pakistan stood at 132.4 million. Despite being mandated by to be held 10 years that took place 17 years.
- The sixth census-2017 was conducted in two phases. Phase-I started from 15th march to 14th April, 2017 in which 61 Admin Districts comprising of 79,773 blocks were enumerated. Phase-II started with a gap of 10 days from 25th April to 24th May, 2017. Eighty-Nine (89) Admin Districts comprising of 89,170 blocks were enumerated during this period. The field operation consisted of first 3 days for house listing followed by 10 days for population count and one day for enumeration of homeless population. According to Census-2017 the country’s total population stands at 207.7 million, with an annual growth rate of 2.4 per cent.
- The Council of Common Interest (CCI) in its 45th meeting, held on April 12, 2021, decided to approve the final results of the 6th Population and Housing Census-2017. The committee also observed that one of the major issues was a “trust deficit.” Afterwards, the CCI approved the recommendations in its 49th meeting, held on January 13, 2022, along with the decision to conduct the 7th Population and Housing Census -2023 digitally within the shortest span of 18 months. According to the Census data, total population of the country stands at 241.49 million with 51.48 percent males and 48.51 percent females showing a gender ratio of 106.12.
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