Lord Canning
Lord Dufferin
Lord Minto
Lord Curzon
On July 20, 1905, Lord Curzon issued an order to bifurcate the Bengal province to form a separate province with East Bengal and Assam. The argument in favor of the division of Bengal was that there were administrative difficulties in governing such a large area. The British Raj sought to undermine the growing national movement in Bengal by partitioning the province. In February 1905, Curzon wrote, \”From Calcutta, the Congress thought spread throughout the province of Bengal and the whole of India. The policy of breaking the unity of the Bengali people is necessary, otherwise, its influence will continue to grow.\”
Risley, the Home Secretary of the Government of India, wrote in an official report in February 1905 that \”United Bengal is a force to be reckoned with and will cease to exist if this province breaks up.\” The Indian National Congress and Bengali nationalist leaders strongly opposed this division of Bengal.
The Partition of Bengal came into effect on October 16, 1905. A new province, Eastern Bengal and Assam, was formed with its headquarters in the city of Dacca (now Dhaka), located in present-day Bangladesh.. Shillong was the summer capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam province.
Sir Joseph Bampfylde Fuller (J.B. Fuller) assumed the role of first Lieutenant Governor in the newly formed province.
- 1903 – Lord Curzon, proposed the idea of partitioning Bengal for administrative purposes due to its large size and population. It was proposed to separate the Chittagong Division and the districts of Dhaka and Mymensingh from Bengal and add them up with the Assam Province.
- July 20, 1905 – The Partition of Bengal was officially announced by Lord Curzon.
- October 16, 1905 – Partition of Bengal came into effect. Bengal was divided into two provinces: Bengal Presidency and Eastern Bengal and Assam. The partition was met with widespread protests and opposition from the Bengali intelligentsia and political leaders.
- 1906 – The All India Muslim League, which played a significant role in advocating for the partition, held its annual session in Dhaka, in the newly created province of Eastern Bengal and Assam.
- 1906-1911 – The Swadeshi Movement and Boycott Movement launched in protest against the partition. These movements aimed at boycotting British goods and promoting indigenous products. The partition also fueled the rise of nationalism in India.
- 1911- King George V and Queen Mary visited India for the Delhi Durbar. During this visit, it was announced that the partition of Bengal would be annulled. This decision was partly influenced by the growing unrest and opposition to the partition.
- December 12, 1911- The official announcement was made to annul the partition of Bengal. Bengal Presidency was reunified, and Eastern Bengal and Assam became a part of Bengal.
- 1912 – The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta (Kolkata) to New Delhi.
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