Geosynchronous orbit
Semi-synchronous orbit
Geostationary orbit
None of these options
- A satellite that stays in geosynchronous orbit, or one whose orbital period is the same as that of Earth, is referred to as a geosynchronous satellite. To put it another way, a geosynchronous satellite orbits the globe at the same rate as it rotates on its axis. This explains why, when viewed from a specific location on Earth, this type of satellite appears to be in the same area of the sky (at a specific time of day). A geosynchronous satellite seems to remain stationary over a single longitude because its orbital period is a sidereal day, or 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds.
- Uses: Voice and data communication. Internet. Broadcasting cable TV and radio signals.
- Examples: Raduga 29 of Russia. Astra 1C of India. MEASAT 2 of Malaysia.
- Geostationary satellites circle the earth in the same direction as the planet and are located at an altitude of roughly 35,800 kilometers 22,300 miles over the equator (west to east). One orbit takes place at this altitude in 24 hours, which is how long it takes the earth to complete one rotation of its axis. A single geostationary satellite can see around 40 % of the planet’s surface in a straight line. With the exception of tiny circular zones centered at the north and south geographic poles, three of these satellites, each 120 degrees apart, may cover the whole planet.
- Uses: Weather reports about a particular region. Weather forecasting. Terrestrial reports of a geographical area. Spy networks.
- Examples: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GEOS) of the USA. INSAT of India. Himawari of Japan. Fengyun of China. Meteosat of Europe.
A communication satellite with a geosynchronous orbit has an orbital period equal to the earth’s rotational period. As a result, as seen from the earth, it appears to be permanently in the same part of the sky at a specific moment every day. Geostationary satellites are circular geosynchronous satellites that are positioned at an angle of 00 to the equatorial plane. A ground observer would see it as being motionless all day long in the same area of the sky. A geostationary orbit is a circular satellite orbit in the equatorial plane of the planet with an orbital period that synchronizes with the rotation of the planet. A prograde, low-inclination orbit with a period of 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds is known as a geosynchronous orbit (GEO). The geostationary orbit, which maintains the satellite at a constant height above the planet, is the ideal orbit for satellite communications. Because satellite coverage is available everywhere and line of sight visibility between the transmitter and receiver is not necessary, the geostationary orbit has advantages.
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