Current Affairs MCQs (CSS 2009 – 2024)

\'The Making of a Frontier\' is a book written by Algernon George Arnold Durand, which describes his five years\' experiences and adventures in the regions of Gilgit, Hunza, Nagar, Chitral, and the Eastern Hindu-Kush.

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Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on the planet. Meaning \"long mountain\" in Hawaiian, it is the quintessential shield volcano in its shape— signified by broad, rounded slopes. The volcano makes up roughly 51% of Hawaiʻi Island and stands 13,681 feet (4,170 m) above sea level.

• Hawaii (Hawaiian: Hawai\'i) became the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959. Hawaii is a group of volcanic islands in the central Pacific Ocean.

• The Hawaiian Islands form an archipelago that extends over a vast area of the North Pacific Ocean. The archipelago is made up of 132 islands, atolls, reefs, shallow banks, shoals, and seamounts stretching over 1,500 miles from the island of Hawaii in the southeast to Kure Atoll in the northwest.

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In August 2022, a few months after being re-elected for a second time, Somalian President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud declared an “all-out war” against al-Shabab, which has been waging a rebellion against the government since 2007. (Source: Al -Jazeera)

• Al-Shabaab in Somalia remains one of al-Qaeda’s strongest and most successful affiliates.

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Walt Whitman is America\'s world poet—a latter-day successor to Homer, Virgil, Dante, and Shakespeare. Leaves of Grass, collection of poetry by American author Walt Whitman, first presented as a group of 12 poems published anonymously in 1855.

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Richard Nixon\'s decision to delink the dollar from gold, announced without warning in August 1971, remade the global monetary system in an instant. Nixon’s action – announced on 15 August 1971 – had profound and long-lasting effects on the International Monetary Fund , South Africa and Africa.

• Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until his resignation in 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

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The 1932-33 “Holodomor” — the Ukrainian word for “death by starvation” — is regarded by Ukraine as a deliberate act of genocide (a human-made famine) by Stalin’s regime with the intention of wiping out the peasantry. Joseph Stalin’s campaign of forced “collectivisation” seized grain and other foodstuffs and left millions to starve.

• The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. 

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Indonesia is planning to move its capital from Jakarta to Nusantara, as Jakarta faces the threat of sinking beneath the waves without urgent intervention. The new capital is still under construction and located over 1,000 km away from Jakarta in East Kalimantan province on Borneo Island.

• Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea.
• Ahmed Sukarno (1901-1970) principal leader of Indonesia\'s nationalist movement against the Dutch, and the country\'s first president (1945-1968).
• Dutch and Indonesian representatives signed an agreement on November 2, 1949, which provided for independence for Indonesia. Indonesia formally achieved its independence from the Netherlands as the United States of Indonesia on December 27, 1949.

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In October 2022, Brazil took a turn to the left as former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva beat far-right incumbent Jair Bolsonaro in the presidential election. After a divisive campaign which saw two bitter rivals on opposite sides of the political spectrum go head to head, Lula won 50.9% of the votes.

• Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America. It is the world\'s fifth-largest country by area and the seventh largest by population, with over 203 million people.

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Mohammed Shia\' Al Sudani  is an Iraqi politician who has been the Prime Minister of Iraq since 27 October 2022.

• Iraq’s president Abdul Latif Rashid named Mohammed Shia al-Sudani as Iraq’s prime minister-designate. Al-Sudani had been nominated for the role by the Iran-backed Shia Coordination Framework, now the largest parliamentary bloc.
• Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Saudi Arabia to the south, Iran to the east, Syria to the west, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, and Jordan to the southwest.

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