The sun revolves around the moon
Objects of different masses fell at the same velocity
The Earth was probably not the center of the universe
None of these given options
Galileo was prosecuted for holding as true the doctrine of heliocentrism, the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the centre of the universe. Heliocentric means that the sun is at the center.
- The oldest son of Vincenzo Galilei, Galileo was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Tuscany. His father was a court musician. When the Galilei family moved to Florence in 1572, Galileo attended the monastery school at Vallombrosa. After returning from the monastery, he enrolled for a medical degree at the University of Pisa. He was going to study medicine, but he never completed this degree due to his fascination for mathematics. Despite the protest of his father, he studied mathematics with Ostilio Ricci, a mathematics teacher.
- While learning, he started giving lectures in subjects such as Aristotelian philosophy and mathematics. These lectures have succeeded in surviving to this day. However, he left the university without completing his degree. After leaving the university, he started giving private lectures in mathematics subjects in Florence and Siena. During this time, Galileo wrote La Bilancetta (“The Little Balance”). This short treatise was circulated in manuscript form. He also started studying motion which he continued for the next two decades.
- Despite his unsuccessful attempt to secure the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna, he delivered two lectures to the Florentine Academy. His theorems on centres of gravity made him famous among mathematicians and soon secured him the mathematics chair at the University of Pisa. However, it was at the University of Paroda where he taught from 1592 till 1610.
- Galileo claimed, with the help of his experiments, that the speed of fall of an object is independent of its mass. To prove his theory, he dropped objects of different weights from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. His studies of objects in motion contradicted Aristotle’s ideas which made him unpopular. Using his telescope, he made many discoveries that confirmed the belief of Nicolaus Copernicus. He then summarised that the solar system exists with the Sun in the centre and other planets revolving around it. However, these discoveries and conclusions resulted in his life imprisonment.
Galileo Galilei Discoveries: Using his observations and experiments, Galileo discovered many revolutionary things, including:
- Moon’s Surface – With the help of his reformed telescope discovery, he could see the moon’s surface. Galileo was the first to tell that the moon had craters and mountains. He used shadows’ length of mountains created by the Sun to calculate the mountain’s height. This way, he proved that lunar mountains were very similar to the mountains on the Earth.
- Venus’s Phases – Using his heliocentric model, he explained planetary motion. He also discovered that the phases of the planet Venus were similar to the moon. However, their geometry did not incline with the received wisdom they had claimed.
- Jupiter’s Moons – Galileo also discovered the four moons of the Jupiter planet, namely Lo, Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto. These moons are now known as Galileo’s moons. This discovery also contradicted the notion that everything revolves around the Earth.
- The Star of the Milky Way – In 1610, Galileo discovered that the Milky Way was made up of individual stars using his telescope. He discovered that the milky way was not just a band of many stars but an unusually dense collection of stars.
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