Steel can be saved.
Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided.
Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train.
Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided.
Before the invention of continuous welded rail (CWR), traditional railway tracks are lengths of rails joined by rail joints (joint bars, fishplate). If you look closely at the rails, you will find that every certain distance, that is more than 12 or 24 meters, there will be a small gap between the two rails. It is done to solve the problem of thermal expansion and contraction of railroad rails. If there is no such gap, the steel rails will squeeze, twist, and buckle when they are extremely heated, and deform the entire railway. When the weather is hot in summer, the length of the rails increases and the rails without reserved gaps can only bulge upwards, which is not good for driving safety. To avoid this phenomenon, a gap must be reserved between the rails.
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