CSS Exam Desk – MCQs Tab

In 2023, Naila Kiani became the second Pakistani woman to climb Mount Everest. It was earlier achieved by Samina Baig in 2013.

• Naila Kiani is the first Pakistani woman climber to summit five peaks over 8,000m. She summited Gasher­brum-II (the world’s 13th highest peak) in 2021, and Gasherbrum-I (the 11th highest peak) and K2 (the second highest mountain) in 2022, and finally Annapurna (the 10th highest peak) in April 2023 before making it to Mount Everest.
• In April 2023, Sajid Sadpara became the first Pakistani to climb the 8,091-metre tall Annapurna mountain in Nepal — the world\'s 10th highest peak — without the support of supplemental oxygen as a part of Seven Summit Treks\' Annapurna Expedition 2023.
• In May 2023, Sajid Sadpara became the first Pakistani to scale the world’s highest peak Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen or any support of high-altitude porter — Alpine style.
• Sirbaz Khan in May 2024 summited Mou­nt Everest, the world’s highest peak at 8,849 metres, without using supplem­entary oxygen, becoming the first and only Pakistani to have conquered 11 eight-thousanders. Sirbaz Khan on October 4, 2024 become the first Pakistani climber to summit all 14 mountains with a height of over 8,000m in the world after his feat at the Shishapangma peak (8,027m) in Tibet.
• On October 9, 2024, Shehroze Kashif made history by becoming the youngest Pakistani to summit all 14 of the world’s highest peaks. At 17, Shehroze made his first major breakthrough by summiting Broad Peak, earning him the nickname ‘The Broad Boy’.

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Article 177 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 after 26th Amendment: A person shall not be appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court unless he is a citizen of Pakistan and

• has for a period of, or for periods aggregating, not less than five years been a Judge of a High Court; or
• has, for a period of not less than fifteen years\' been an advocate of a High Court and is an advocate of the Supreme Court.

Download \'Chapter 2-Supreme Court of Pakistan\'

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The Senate House of Uzbekistan hosted the historical Tashkent Declaration, a peace agreement between India and Pakistan on January 10, 1966. The peace agreement was moderated by the former Soviet Union after India and Pakistan engaged in war in 1965. The meeting began on January 4, 1966, and was chaired by then USSR premier Alexei Kosygin with then president Ayub Khan from Pakistan and Indian prime minister Lal Bahdur Shastri.

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China has land borders with 14 countries and maritime borders with at least nine other countries.

• The People’s Republic of China was established  in 1949. Since 1960, it has settled its boundaries with 12 of the 14 countries with which it shares land borders. They are Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Laos, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Russia. Its land boundaries remain unsettled only with India and Bhutan.
• The Sino-Pakistan boundary agreement was signed on March 2, 1963, by Foreign Minister of China Chen Yi and Foreign Minister of Pakistan Bhutto under which Pakistan received from China 2,000 square kilometres of administered territory.

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Three-day 281st Annual Urs celebrations of mystic poet and great sufi saint of sub-continent Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai held from Safar 14 in August 2024 at Bhit Shah in Matiari district.

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JF-17 Thunder, the first aircraft manufactured by Pakistan in collaboration with China.

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Pakistani Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif arrived in Cairo (Egypt) to lead the Pakistan delegation at the 11th Summit of the Developing Eight (D-8) countries being held in Cairo from 18-19 December, 2024.

• Founded in 1997 in Istanbul, the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, also known as Developing-8, is an organisation for development co-operation among Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkiye. Its objective is to increase economic cooperation among Member States to boost economic growth, sustain development and promote and improve standards of living by focusing on bringing improvement and enhancing cooperation in agriculture, trade, transportation, industry, energy and tourism.

The G-20 Summit 2024, held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) on November 18-19, 2024, focused on \"Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet\".

• The 2024 G-20 Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro under Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s leadership, with 19 member countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, the UK, and the US, including the African Union (AU) and the EU. Brazil’s leadership was pivotal in encouraging the following priorities: leveraging its robust clean energy and environmental preservation track record.

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Iran, a modern pro-US monarchy, was one of the first countries to recognise Pakistan when it was formed in August 1947. Also, the Shah of Iran became the first major foreign head of state to visit Pakistan in 1950.

• Iran was the first country to recognise Pakistan, on Aug 14, 1947. Iran is also the country that hosted the first embassy of Pakistan abroad.

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On February 27, 2024, Pakistan commemorated the fifth anniversary of Operation Swift Retort in which the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) successfully downed Indian fighter aircraft which had violated Pakistan’s airspace.

• Pulwama Attack: On February 14, 2019, a convoy of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel was attacked by a local Kashmiri youth named Adil Ahmad Dar in Pulwama, Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK). Adil’s family later revealed that his anger against the Indian state grew after he was injured and humiliated while participating in a protest in 2016. In a revealing interview given to Karan Thapar on April 14, 2023, the former governor of Jammu & Kashmir Satyapal Malik exposed a series of lapses and ignorance of the Indian government that resulted in lack of security on the route travelled by the paramilitary forces which culminated in the Pulwama attack.
• Balakot Crisis: On February 26, 2019, India conducted a so-called ‘surgical strike’ inside Pakistan’s territory on an alleged Jaish-eMuhammad (JeM) training camp in Balakot located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan using twenty French-made Mirage-2000 armed with Israeli Spice-2000 bombs and Crystal Maze missiles guided by U.S. GPS and targeting systems. Indian Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale claimed that the strike killed ‘a very large number’ of militants, including commanders. However, the strike was termed as ‘a very precise miss’ by analysts who deeply studied the failed strike through open-source satellite imagery. The violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty and territorial integrity prompted Pakistan to deliver an immediate and appropriate response: Operation Swift Retort.

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Launched in 2013, CPEC initially attracted an investment of $42 billion, which has since grown to an estimated $62 billion by 2017.

• Then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, paid a visit to China where the historic MoU for China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) was signed on 5th July 2013  in Beijing in the presence of the Prime Ministers of both countries. It is a 15-year-long project to be completed in 2030, and a comprehensive developmental framework.

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