Al-Qanoon
Al-Masudi
New Renaissance
Tadhkira
- Perhaps the most famous of the Islamic scientists, ABU ALI AL-HUSAIN IBN ABDALLAH IBN SINA, is known in the West as AVICENNA. He was a Muslim Persian polymath and the foremost physician and philosopher of his time.
- IBN SINA’s father was the administrator of the Sultan of Bukhara (today: Uzbekistan).
- His encyclopedia Qanum al-Tibb (Canon of Medicine), which systematised and developed knowledge and traditions of the Greek, Roman and Persian sciences, had the greatest influence on posterity. The work contained a comprehensive description of the organs, their diseases, but also mental illnesses. It provided information about infectious diseases and sets hygienic rules on how to prevent their spread. The canon listed the effects and manufacture of 760 drugs. AVICENNA even outlined criteria for how new medicines should be tested. His teachings were passed on to students at European universities until the 17th century. In some cases the book was used as the standard work on medicine even into the 19th century.
- IBN SINA also wrote a second encyclopedia, which is entitled Kitab al-Shifa (Book of Healing), a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopedia.
- It is thought that ibn Sina wrote about 450 books and treatises on a wide range of subjects, but only around 240 titles of his body of work are known to have survived. Of those, 150 treatises focus on philosophy, while 40 others are on medicine.
al-Masʿūdī (born before 893, Baghdad, Iraq—died September 956, Al-Fusṭāṭ, Egypt [now part of Cairo]) was a historian and traveler, known as the “Herodotus of the Arabs.” He was the first Arab to combine history and scientific geography in a large-scale work, Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿādin al-jawāhir (“The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems”), a world history.
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