Protein, Sugar, Fats
Sugar, Protein, Fats
Fats, Sugar, Protein
None of these options
There are six groups of nutrients: carbohydrate, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water. Alcohol is not a nutrient, but it does contain energy (calories). Carbohydrates, fats (including fatty acids and cholesterol), protein (including amino acids), fiber, and water are macronutrients, which are required in the diet in larger amounts. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are also referred to as energy-yielding macronutrients becausethey supply the body with energy. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, which are required in the body in smaller amounts in comparison to macronutrients. A common misconception is that vitamins and minerals are energy nutrients. These do not contain energy, though they play essential roles in the production of energy. Deficiencies of certain vitamins and minerals can lead to fatigue. Macronutrients and micronutrients work together for optimal physiological function. The unit of energy in food is called a kilocalorie, commonly referred to as a calorie or kcal. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. A person’s energy requirements refer to the number of kilocalories needed each day. Food labels list calories per serving of the item. Both carbohydrate and protein contain 4 calories per gram, while lipidsprovide 9 calories per gram, making lipids more energy dense – that is, they contain more calories permass or volume than do carbohydrate or protein.
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These nutrients also differ in how quickly they supply energy. Carbohydrates are the quickest, and fats are the slowest. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are digested in the intestine, where they are broken down into their basic units: Carbohydrates into sugars.
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