Equator
South pole
North pole
Middle of the earth
- Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent in terms of total area. (It is larger than both Oceania and Europe.)
- The Antarctic covers approximately 20 percent of the Southern Hemisphere. The South Pole is at the center of this hemisphere.
- There are no countries in Antarctica. Seven countries made defined claims to Antarctic territory prior to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. The treaty does not legally recognize any claims.
- The Antarctic also includes island territories within the Antarctic Convergence. The islands of the Antarctic region are:
- South Orkney Islands and South Shetland Islands, claimed by the United Kingdom;
- South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, administered by the United Kingdom and claimed by Argentina;
- Peter I Island and Bouvet Island, claimed by Norway;
- Heard and McDonald islands, claimed by Australia;
- and Scott Island and the Balleny Islands, claimed by New Zealand.
- The Antarctic Ice Sheet dominates the region. It is the largest single piece of ice on Earth. This ice sheet even extends beyond the continent when snow and ice are at their most extreme.
- In 1911, Amundsen, of Norway, and Scott, of the United Kingdom, began expeditions with the aim of becoming the first man to reach the South Pole. Amundsen’s team set out from the Bay of Whales in the Ross Sea on October 19, while Scott set out from Ross Island on November 1.
- Each team used different methods, with drastically different levels of success. Amundsen’s team relied on dog sleds and skiing to reach the pole, covering as much as 64 kilometers (40 miles) per day. Scott’s team, on the other hand, pulled their sleighs by hand, collecting geological samples along the way. Amundsen’s team became the first to reach the South Pole on December 15. The team was healthy, and successfully made the journey out of Antarctica. Scott’s team reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912, suffering from malnutrition, snow blindness, exhaustion, and injury. They all died on their journey home.
- The North Pole is found in the Arctic Ocean, on constantly shifting pieces of sea ice. The North Pole is not part of any nation, although Russia placed a titanium flag on the seabed in 2007.
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