Seedless fruits
Parthenogenesis fruits
Parthenocarpic fruits
Placental fruits
- The term “seedless fruit” is biologically somewhat contradictory, since fruits are usually defined botanically as mature ovaries containing seeds.
- Parthenocarpy could be defined as a process by which fruits are produced without the process of fertilization of ovules. A parthenocarpic fruit is devoid of embryo and endosperm and therefore does not have any seeds. That is why they are also known as seedless or virgin fruits.
- The process was first introduced in 1902. During the cultivation of plants, Parthenocarpy is introduced alongside a range of plant hormones which parthenocarpic fruits include Gibberellic acid. This results in the maturation of the ovary without fertilization, leading to the products of big and pulpy fruits. Parthenocarpic fruit examples include Banana, pineapple, cucumber, watermelon etc.
- Parthenogenesis is defined as a process in which a new individual develops without the fertilization of an ovum. It takes place in invertebrates and some lower plants. In this process, male and female gametes are formed but they do not fuse and therefore it is also called incomplete sexual or asexual reproduction. The offspring is haploid and a clone of a female. The offspring cannot reproduce sexually. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in queen bees. The unfertilized egg of queen bee develops to form male drones having a haploid set of chromosomes. Parthenogenesis can also be done artificially in mammals to produce identical offspring.
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