130 meters per second
230 meters per second
343 meters per second
430 meters per second
The speed of sound in dry air at 20 °C is 343 m/s and the lowest frequency sound wave that the human ear can detect is approximately 20 Hz.
Sound waves are mechanical waves, and mechanical waves can only travel through matter. The matter through which the waves travel is called the medium (plural, media). This table below gives an approximate speed of sound for several different media. Generally, sound waves travel most quickly through solids, followed by liquids, and then by gases. Particles of matter are closest together in solids and farthest apart in gases. When particles are closer together, they can more quickly pass the energy of vibrations to nearby particles.
| Medium (20 °C) | Speed of Sound Waves (m/s) |
|---|---|
| Dry Air | 343 |
| Water | 1481 |
| Hard Wood | 3960 |
| Glass | 4540 |
| Aluminum | 6320 |
The speed of sound also depends on the temperature of the medium. For a given medium, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures. You can compare the speed of sound in dry air at different temperatures in the following table below. At a lower temperature, particles of the medium are moving more slowly, so it takes them longer to transfer the energy of the sound waves.
| Temperature of Air | Speed of Sound Waves (m/s) |
|---|---|
| 0 °C | 331 |
| 20 °C | 343 |
| 100 °C | 387 |
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