Plato
Aristotle
Ibn al-Haytham
None of these
In his Doubts Concerning Ptolemy, Ibn Al-Haytham argues that “Truth is sought for its own sake. And those who are engaged upon the quest for anything for its own sake are not interested in other things. Finding the truth is difficult, and the road to it is rough.”
- Abū Ali al-Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham al-Baṣrī (965-1040), known in European Middle Ages by the name of Alhazen, was called among Arab scholars as ‘Second Ptolemy’ (Baṭlamyūs Thānī). He was actually a scholar of many disciplines: Mathematics, physics, mechanics, astronomy, philosophy and medicine. He was one of the senior most member of the Muslim scholars’ trio during 10th -11th centuries, the other two were al-Bīrūnī (973-1048) and Ibn Sīnā (980–1037).
- From Basra, Ibn al- Haytham shifted to Cairo, where the Fatimid Caliph al-Ḥākim had invited him. The Caliph was a great patron of scientist-scholars, he got built an observatory for the astronomer Ibn Yūnus (d.1009) and he founded a library Dār al–ʻIlm, whose fame almost equaled that of its precursor at Baghdad, Bayt al- Ḥikma (the House of Wisdom), established by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mā’mūn (reigned 813 – 833).
- Ibn al-Haytham was a prolific writer. According to his own testimony, he wrote 25 works on mathematical sciences, 44 works on (Aristotelian) physics and metaphysics, also on meteorology and psychology. Moreover, his autobiographical sketch indicates clearly that he studied very thoroughly Aristotle’s (natural) philosophy, logic and metaphysics of which he gave a concise account.
- His most famous book in Arabic was on optics, Kitāb fī al-Manāẓir, in Latin Opticae Thesaurus, which was translated anonymously in the 12th /13th century. It deals, in seven volumes, with experimental and mathematical study of the properties of light. Ibn al-Haytham’s Discourse on Light and tracts On the Light of Stars, On the Light of the Moon and On the Halo and the Rainbow are the main sources from which his working method can be deduced.
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