Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
The Central Asian Republics (CARs) comprise Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the creation of these countries. The whole subregion is landlocked, making all Central Asian countries dependent on land (and/or air) transport.
Boundary: The region is flanked by the Russian Federation to the north, China and Mongolia to the east, and the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan to the south.
The Caspian Sea, located at the subregion\’s western boundary, provides some water transport connections, leading to Ukraine and further to Europe (possibly to the countries of the Mediterranean basin) and to the Russian Federation and the Baltic Republics in the north.
- 1991 – Kyrgyzstan acquires its present name, dropping Kirgizia, and declares independence; Askar Akayev joins Russian leader Boris Yeltsin in openly resisting the anti-Gorbachev coup by conservative Communists in Moscow; Mr Akayev wins another term in direct elections in which he stands unopposed; Kyrgyzstan joins Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
- 2005 March/ the Tulip Revolution – Mass protests against President Akayev escalate following second round of parliamentary elections, spreading from south to capital Bishkek. Mr Akayev leaves for Russia. Parliament appoints opposition leader Kurmanbek Bakiyev acting president prime minister. Opposition leader Felix Kulov released from jail and charges against him are dropped.
- 2010 / April Revolution, or Melon Revolution: On April 7, 2010, thousands of people rallied in the Kyrgyz capital, Bishkek, demanding the resignation of President Kurmanbek Bakiev, whom they accused of corruption and abuse of power. The protests erupted into violent clashes between demonstrators and riot police, leaving many dead or injured. Within days, Bakiev resigned and fled the country.
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