CTT
AGU
CAT
AAT
Genes contain information about different characters and characteristics of living beings. Genetic information is passed down through the generations in the form of code. It determines an organism’s characteristics, for instance, whether it is a bacterium or a human. The genetic code one possesses controls the entire life process.
Genetic code as a collection of rules for living cells to translate information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences). Ribosomes are in charge of completing the translation process. They use tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules to carry amino acids and read the mRNA, three nucleotides at a time, to link the amino acids in an mRNA-specified (messenger RNA) order.
It is interesting to watch the complicated process of decoding genes and then to record them in the progeny to create a new set of genes. Millions of chemical reactions take place in a cell and requires well-controlled environment to make up the overall biochemical process.
Let us now proceed to better understand the key characteristics of genetic code:
- Each codon has three bases, resulting in a total of 64 codons. Only 61 of the 64 codons can produce amino acids. The remaining three are used as stop codons during the translation process
- One codon is in charge of directing the reactions that result in the production of amino acids. As a result, the procedure is quite particular
- The synthesis of some amino acids may need numerous codons. This is referred to as genetic code degeneracy. For example, valine (Val) synthesis requires four separate consecutive codons – GUA, GUC, GUU, and GUG.
- Codons have a role in mRNA production; on the other hand, mRNA is in charge of generating proteins.
- The genetic code is also unique in that it is universal. It signifies that a single codon results in the production of single amino acid. Phenylalanine (Phe), for example, has the genetic code UUU. It is shared by all living creatures. This indicates that a bacterium’s Phe will be comparable to that of a human.
- Codons can have many functions at times. AUG, for example, is the genetic code for Methionine (Met). It also serves as a start codon or initiator.
- The basic genetic code is largely universal throughout all living things
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