Pair of Words (CSS 2000 – 2010)

To prepare for the CSS English Precis and Composition paper, candidates should carefully study the Pair of Words from the past papers (2000-2010). Given the FPSC’s tendency to repeat questions, the provided list compiled by our CSS Exam Desk Team is essential. Please note that the Urdu translations are approximate and have been taken from Google. If you find any errors, please let us know through the comments section for rectification.

PAIR OF WORDS (COLLECTED FROM CSS ENGLISH PRECIS AND COMPOSITION PAST PAPERS, 2000 – 2010) | DOWNLOAD THE COMPLETE LIST IN PDF FORMAT HERE | SIGN UP ON SCRIBD AND DOWNLOAD THE ATTACHED MATERIAL, SPECIALLY CURATED FOR YOU!

CSS 2000 English Precis and Composition Paper

Knead (آٹا گوندھنا) means to work dough, to pummel and press raw dough in order to facilitate the rising process, usually by hand. For example, “I knead the dough for 10 minutes until it is smooth and elastic.” Need (ضرورت محسوس کرنا) means to require something, to have a necessity for something. For example, “I need to knead the dough before I can bake it.”
Queue (لائن) means a line of people or things waiting for their turn. For example, “There was a long queue at the ticket office.” Cue (اشارہ) means a signal or prompt to do something. For example, “The actor gave his cue and the actress began to speak.”
Quarts (چوتھائی گیلن) means a unit of volume equal to one-fourth of a gallon. For example, “I bought four quarts of milk at the store.” Quartz (مُردَہ سَنگ) means a hard, crystalline mineral that is often used in jewelry. For example, “The watch was made of quartz.”
Choral (کورس میں گانے والوں کا طائفہ) means relating to or performed by a choir. For example, “The choral singing was beautiful.” Coral (مونگا, مرجان) means a hard, stony substance that is formed by the skeletons of tiny sea animals. For example, “The coral reef was a beautiful sight.”
Discrete (الگ الگ) means separate and distinct. For example, “The discrete units of data were stored in the computer.” Discreet (مدبر, ہوشیار, معاملہ فہم) means careful and tactful in speech or behavior. For example, “The librarian was discreet in her handling of the sensitive information.”
Epoch (عہد) means a period of time marked by distinctive features or events. For example, “The Industrial Revolution was a major epoch in human history.” Epic (طویل تعریفی نظم) means a long poem, typically one that tells the story of a hero’s deeds. For example, “The ‘Iliad’ is an epic poem about the Trojan War.”
Libel (توہین آمیز بیان) means a false and malicious statement that is published about someone and that damages their reputation. For example, “The newspaper published a libelous article about the politician.” Liable (جوابدہ) means likely to be the victim of something unpleasant. For example, “The driver was liable for the damages caused by the accident.”
Male (مرد, نر) means of or denoting the sex that produces gametes (sperm) that fertilize the eggs of a female. For example, “The male lion is the dominant member of the pride.” Mail (ڈاک) means letters or packages that are sent through the postal system. For example, “I need to check my mail.”
Banned (منع شدہ) means prohibited or forbidden. For example, “The book was banned in some countries.” Band (بینڈ) means a group of musicians who play together. For example, “The band played a great set at the concert.”
Barred (روک دیا گیا) means prevented from entering or doing something. For example, “The prisoner was barred from visiting his family.” Bard (شاعر) means a poet, especially one reciting epics and associated with a particular oral tradition. For example, “The bard sang the story of the hero’s journey.”

CSS 2001 English Precis and Composition Paper

Brooch (بالوں کا کلپ) means a decorative pin or clasp worn on clothing, typically with a jewel or other ornament in the center. For example, “The brooch was a gift from her grandmother.” Broad (کشادہ, پھیلا ہوا, چوڑا, وسیع) means wide or extensive. For example, “The river was broad and calm.”
Collusion (خفیہ معاہدہ) means a secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy, especially in order to cheat or deceive others. For example, “The two companies were accused of collusion in order to drive down prices.” Collision (ٹکرانا) means a violent or forceful impact between two or more moving objects. For example, “The car collided with a truck at the intersection.”
Fain (خوشی سے) means gladly or willingly. For example, “I would fain help you, but I am too busy.” Feign (ظاہرکرنا دکھاوا کرنا) means to pretend or simulate something, especially illness or injury. For example, “The actor feigned illness in order to get out of the play.”
Hoard (انبار, دَفِینَہ , پونجی , ذَخِیْرَہ) means a large or hidden store of something, especially money or food. For example, “The dragon had a hoard of gold coins hidden in its cave.” Horde (ہجوم, مجمع) means a large group of people, especially one that is considered to be unruly or threatening. For example, “The horde of barbarians swept through the countryside, destroying everything in their path.”
Illusion (مغالطہ, خوش فہمی) means a false or misleading impression or appearance of something. For example, “The magician created the illusion of a disappearing rabbit.” Delusion (گمراہی) means a false belief that is held despite evidence to the contrary. For example, “The patient suffered from delusions of grandeur.”
Persecute (مظالم ڈھانا) means to subject to hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, or political beliefs. For example, “The government persecuted the minority group for their beliefs.” Prosecute (قانونی کارروائی کرنا) means to institute legal proceedings against someone in a court of law. For example, “The prosecutor was determined to prosecute the case to the fullest extent of the law.”
Prescribe (نسخہ لکھنا) means to advise or direct the use of something, especially a medicine. For example, “The doctor prescribed antibiotics for the patient’s infection.” Proscribe (منع کرنا) means to forbid or prohibit something. For example, “The government proscribed the use of certain drugs.”
Respectfully (احتراماً) means in a manner that shows respect. For example, “I would justifiably and respectfully argue that you should know that by now.” Respectively (ترتیب وار) means in the order mentioned. For example, “Canada and the UK came third and fourth, with 9 million and 8 million respectively.”
Complacent (خوش نصیب) means self-satisfied and unconcerned about changing or improving. For example, “The complacent employee was content to do the bare minimum.” Complaisant (خوشامد) means eager to please or do as someone asks. For example, “The complaisant waiter was always willing to go the extra mile for his customers.”
Corporal (جسمانی) means relating to the body or physical. For example, “The corporal punishment was intended to deter the child from misbehaving.” Corporeal (مادی) means having a physical body or of a material nature. For example, “The corporeal world is the world that we can see and touch.”

CSS 2004 English Precis and Composition Paper

Auger (سُوراخ کَرنے کا آلَہ) means a tool used to bore holes in wood or other materials. For example, “The carpenter used an auger to bore holes in the wood.” Augur (غیب دانی کرنا) means a person who predicts the future, especially by interpreting omens. For example, “The augur predicted that the king would die soon.”
Fain (بخُوشی) means gladly or willingly. For example, “I would fain help you, but I am too busy.” Feign (ڈرامہ کرنا ,دکھاوا کرنا ,ڈہونگ کرنا) means to pretend or simulate something, especially illness or injury. For example, “The actor feigned illness in order to get out of the play.”
Emigrate (اپنا وطن چھوڑنا) means to leave one’s own country to settle permanently in another. For example, “Many people emigrated from Europe to the US in the early 20th century.” Immigrate (دوسرے ملک میں بسنا) means to come to live in a foreign country. For example, “The immigrants came to America in search of a better life.”
Envy (حَسَد, جَلَن, رَشْک) means a feeling of discontent or resentfulness that someone else has something that you want. For example, “The student envied his classmate’s success.” Jealousy (حسد) means a feeling of insecurity or fear that someone will take away something that you have. For example, “The healthy relationship was spoiled by his jealousy.”
Invade (دھاوا بولنا) means to enter a country or region with armed force in order to conquer it. For example, “The army invaded the neighboring country.” Attack (حَملَہ کرنا) means to use force to harm or injure someone or something. For example, “The terrorist group attacked the government building.”
Trifle (خفیف سا) means a thing of little importance or value. For example, “The gift was just a trifle, but it was well-received.” Trivial (نَاچِیز, حَقِیر, ہیچ) means of little importance or value. For example, “The trivial details of the case were not important.”
Simulation (نقل, بناوٹ, مکاری, جھوٹا دعویٰ) means the act of pretending or simulating something. For example, “The politician’s speech was full of simulations.” Dissimulation (فریب سے کام لینا ,منافقت کرنا) means the act of concealing or pretending to be unaware of something. For example, “The spy’s dissimulation was so good that no one suspected him.”
Venal (رِشْوَت خور, ضمیر فروش) means willing to do something dishonest or illegal for money. For example, “The politician was accused of being venal.” Venial (صغیرہ, قابل در گزر) means not very serious or harmful. For example, “The venial offense was punished with a small fine.”

CSS 2005 English Precis and Composition Paper

Council (اَنْجُمَنْ, پَنْچایَت, کونسل) means a group of people who are chosen to advise or make decisions on behalf of others. For example, “The city council met to discuss the budget.” Counsel (مشورہ) means advice or guidance, especially from a lawyer or other expert. For example, “The lawyer gave his client counsel on how to proceed with the case.”
Distinct (ممتاز) means clearly different or recognizable. For example, “The two paintings were distinct from each other.” Distinctive (نمایاں, مخصوص, خاص قسم کا) means having a unique or unusual feature that makes it recognizable. For example, “The distinctive logo helped to identify the company.”
Apposite (مناسب) means very appropriate or suitable. For example, “The apposite remark made the audience laugh.” Opposite (برعکس) means exactly contrary or opposed. For example, “The opposite side of the room was empty.”
Deprecate (ناخُوشی کا اظہار کرنا, کسی کے خلاف دلائل دینا) means to express disapproval of something. For example, “The politician deprecated the use of violence.” Depreciate (کم قیمت لگانا, قدر گھٹنا) means to lose value over time. For example, “The car depreciated in value after it was driven off the lot.”
Punctual (پابند وقت) means arriving or happening on time. For example, “The train was punctual, arriving on time.” Punctilious (نازک طبع ,باریک بین, محتاط) means paying careful attention to details or rules. For example, “The professor was punctilious about his grading.”
Judicial (عدالتی) means relating to the administration of justice or the legal system. For example, “The judge made a judicial decision.” Judicious (سَمَجھدار, دانَہ, دُوربِیْن) means having or showing good judgment or sense. For example, “The advisor was judicious in his advice.”
Salutary (فائدہ مند) means having a beneficial or healthy effect. For example, “The doctor prescribed a salutary course of treatment.” Salubrious (صحت مند) means promoting health or well-being; (of a place) pleasant; not run-down. For example, “The salubrious climate of the mountains helped to improve the patient’s health.”
Canvas (موٹا اور مضبوط کپڑا, موٹا کپڑا) means a coarse, strong fabric made from hemp or linen. For example, “The artist painted the portrait on canvas.” Canvass (رائے شماری کرنا) means to solicit votes or support for a candidate or cause. For example, “The politician canvassed the neighborhood for votes.”

CSS 2006 English Precis and Composition Paper

Veracity (سچائی) means truthfulness or accuracy. For example, “The witness’s veracity was questioned by the defense attorney.” Voracity (حرص, لالچ, بے انتہا بھوک) means greed or an excessive appetite. For example, “The voracity of the locusts destroyed the crops.”
Persecute (مظالم ڈھانا) means to subject to hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, or political beliefs. For example, “The government persecuted the minority group for their beliefs.” Prosecute (قانونی کارروائی کرنا) means to institute legal proceedings against someone in a court of law. For example, “The prosecutor was determined to prosecute the case to the fullest extent of the law.”
Moat (خَنْدَق, کھائی, گڑھا یا گہری خندق) is a deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle or fort, typically filled with water. For example, “The castle was protected by a moat.” Mote (ذَرَّہ, خاک کا ذرہ, دَھبّا, رنگین نشان) is a tiny particle of dust or dirt. For example, “The mote of dust floated in the sunlight.”
Loath (ناخوشگوار) means unwilling or disinclined. For example, “I am loath to go to the dentist.” Loathe (ناپسند کرنا) means to feel intense dislike or disgust for someone or something. For example, “I loathe having to go to these conferences.”
Ingenious (شاطر) means clever or resourceful. For example, “The inventor came up with an ingenious way to solve the problem.” Ingenuous (مَعْصُوم, اَشْراف, سادَہ, سِیدھا) means innocent or naive. For example, “The ingenuous child believed everything she was told.”
Wreak (تباہی پھیلانا) means to cause or inflict something harmful or destructive. For example, “The storm wreaked havoc on the coastline.” Wreck (ٹوٹا پھوٹا, خستہ حال) is the remains of a ship or aircraft that has been destroyed or damaged beyond repair. For example, “The wreck of the ship was a sobering sight.”

CSS 2007 English Precis and Composition Paper

Affluence (کثرت, دولت مندی) means wealth or abundance. For example, “The affluent family lived in a large mansion.” Effluence (روانی, بہاوٴ, جاری میں آنے کا عمل) means a flow or discharge of fluid, especially waste matter. For example, “The factory’s effluent polluted the river.”
Wretch (مصیبت زدہ انسان, بد بخت, مصیبت کا مارا, آفت زدہ) means a person who is very unhappy or unfortunate. For example, “The wretch was homeless and begging for food.” Retch (الٹی کرنا) means to try to vomit. For example, “I felt like I was going to retch when I saw the maggots in the meat.”
Euphemistic (بری بات کو نرم الفاظ میں ادا کرنا) means using words that are less offensive or unpleasant than the real meaning. For example, “The euphemism ‘passed away’ is often used instead of ‘died’.” Euphuistic (مرصّع یا زبان کے خوبصورت انداز) means using elaborate or flowery language. For example, “The euphuistic language of the poem was difficult to understand.”
Amoral (غَیر اَخْلاقی, لا اَخْلاقی, اخلاق سے عاری) means not concerned with right or wrong. For example, “The amoral businessman was willing to do whatever it took to make a profit.” Immoral (بد اخلاق ,غیر اخلاقی) means not conforming to accepted standards of moral behavior. For example, “The immoral politician was involved in a bribery scandal.”
Imperial (شہنشاہی) relating to an empire or an emperor. For example, “The imperial palace was a symbol of the emperor’s power.” Imperious (ظالم) arrogant or overbearing. For example, “The imperious woman demanded that her servants obey her every command.”
Degrade (درجہ کم کرنا) to lower in rank, status, or quality. For example, “The soldier was degraded from his rank for disobeying orders.” Denigrate (منسوخ کرنا, ختم کرنا, اہمیت کم کرنا) to speak about someone or something in a very critical way. For example, “The politician was denigrated by his opponents for his lack of experience.”
Temporal (زمانی) relating to time or lasting for a limited time. For example, “The temporal power of the pope was challenged by the Protestant Reformation.” Temporary (عارضی) lasting for a limited time only. For example, “The temporary worker was hired to help with the busy season.”
Precipitate (فوری) happening or done suddenly and without warning. For example, “The precipitate decision to go to war was made without any planning.” Precipitous (بے تعمل) very steep or sudden. For example, “The cliff was so precipitous that it was impossible to climb.”

CSS 2008 English Precis and Composition Paper

Mitigate (نسبتاً نرم ہونا, شدت میں کم ہونا, تَخْفِیف ہونا) means to make something less severe or intense. For example, “The doctor prescribed medication to mitigate the pain.” Alleviate (آسانی کرنا) means to make something less severe or painful. For example, “The government’s efforts to alleviate poverty have been successful.”
Popular (مقبول) means liked or enjoyed by many people. For example, “The new movie was popular with audiences.” Populace (آبادی) means the general population of a country or area. For example, “The populace was outraged by the government’s decision.”
Compliment (تعریف کرنا) means to say something nice about someone or something. For example, “I complimented her on her new dress.” Complement (پورا کرنا) means to add something that makes something else better or more complete. For example, “The red scarf complemented her blue coat.”
Excite (حوصلا افزائی کرنا) means to make someone feel excited or interested. For example, “The movie excited the audience.” Incite (بھڑکانا) means to stir up or provoke someone to do something, especially something violent or illegal. For example, “The protesters were incited to violence by the speaker.”
Exceptional (استثنائی) means unusual or extraordinary. For example, “The pianist’s performance was exceptional.” Exceptionable (اعتراض کا مقام) means open to criticism or objection. For example, “The judge’s decision was exceptionable.”
Virtual (حقیقی نہیں) means existing in essence or effect but not in actual fact. For example, “The virtual world of the internet is a popular place to socialize.” Virtuous (نیک) means having or showing good moral qualities. For example, “The virtuous woman was known for her kindness and compassion.”

CSS 2009 English Precis and Composition Paper

Luxuriant (شاداب) means growing or produced in great abundance. For example, “The rainforest is home to a luxuriant variety of plants and animals.” Luxurious (عیش و عشرت) means providing great comfort and luxury. For example, “The hotel was luxurious, with all the amenities you could imagine.”
Persecute (مظالم ڈھانا) and Prosecute (قانونی کارروائی کرنا)
Mean (بے رحم) means having or showing a lack of kindness or consideration for others. For example, “The mean girl made fun of the new student.” Mien (صُورَت, حُلیہ, چال ڈھال) means a person’s facial expression or bearing. For example, “The politician’s mien was stern and unyielding.”
Observation (نگرانی ,مشاہدہ) means the act of watching or noticing something carefully. For example, “The scientist made an observation of the stars.” Observance (رِیت, پیروی) means the act of following a religious or social custom. For example, “The religious observances of the holiday were held in the temple.”
Naughty (شرانگیز) means mischievous or playful in a way that is considered to be wrong or annoying. For example, “The naughty child kept pulling the dog’s tail.” Knotty (پہیلی) means difficult to understand or solve. For example, “The knotty problem of climate change is still unsolved.”
Ghostly (بھوتنما) means resembling a ghost or suggesting the presence of a ghost. For example, “The old house was said to be haunted by a ghostly figure.” Ghastly (خوفناک) means extremely unpleasant or horrifying. For example, “The ghastly scene of the accident was too much for the onlookers to bear.”
Hew (کاٹنا) means to cut or shape something with an axe or other sharp tool. For example, “The lumberjack hewed the tree down with his axe.” Hue (رنگ) means a particular shade or tint of a color. For example, “The artist chose a variety of hues to paint the landscape.”
Hoard (ذخیرہ اندوزی) means a large or hidden store of something, especially money or food. For example, “The dragon had a hoard of gold coins hidden in its cave.” Horde (مجمع, گروہ, ہجوم ,بھیڑ) means a large group of people, especially when they are considered to be unruly or threatening. For example, “The horde of barbarians swept through the countryside, destroying everything in their path.”

CSS 2010 English Precis and Composition Paper

Adverse (ناخوشگوار) means unfavorable or harmful. For example, “The weather conditions were adverse, making it difficult to fly.” Averse (ناپسند) means having a strong dislike or disinclination. For example, “I am averse to violence and conflict.”
Maize (مکئی) is a type of corn that is grown for its grain. For example, “The cornfield was filled with maize plants.” Maze (چَکرانا ,بھول بھلیاں) is a confusing network of paths or passages. For example, “The children wandered through the maze, trying to find their way out.”
Medal (تمغا) is a metal disk awarded as a prize or honor. For example, “The athlete won a gold medal for her performance.” Meddle (دخالت کرنا) means to interfere in something that is not your business. For example, “Don’t meddle with things you don’t understand.”
Allusion (اِشارَہ, کِنایَہ, اِیْما) is a reference to something indirectly. For example, “The politician’s speech was full of allusions to historical events.” Illusion (مغالطہ, خوش فہمی) is a false or misleading impression. For example, “The magician created the illusion of making a rabbit disappear.”
Ordnance (فوجی اسلحہ) is military weapons and ammunition. For example, “The army’s ordnance was stored in a secure facility.” Ordinance (قانون) is a law or regulation passed by a government. For example, “The city ordinance prohibited smoking in public places.”
Willing (راضی) means ready or prepared to do something. For example, “The student was willing to help with the project.” Wilful (نا فرمان, سرکش, بالارادہ) means deliberately disobedient or uncooperative. For example, “The child was wilful and refused to obey his parents.”