Pakistan is ranked 5th among the countries affected by extreme weather caused by climate change and is highly vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change effects. The weather patterns are changing where we have long dry spells followed by intense rains causing floods. As per the news, the devastating floods during this 2022 monsoon…
Circumstances in Afghanistan have drastically evolved and continue to do so since the Taliban came into power in August 2021.While initially there was ambiguity as to what the Taliban’s assumption of power would mean for Afghanistan in terms of domestic governance, political freedoms, human and women’s rights, counter-terrorism assurances, and an overall commitment to regional…
English (Precis & Composition) Paper Syllabus for CSS 2023 The examination in this subject will be based upon a paper carrying 100 marks to Test the candidate’s abilities to handle Precis Writing, Reading Comprehension, Sentence Structuring, Translation, Grammar and Vocabulary, etc. Downloadable Content Recommended Books
The Russo-Turkish war of 1768-74 was one of the most consequential conflicts for the global balance of power in the 18th century. After the war, Russia, under Empress Catherine the Great, got access to the Black Sea through the Kerch and Azov seaports and officially became the “protector” of the Orthodox Christians of the Ottoman…
The 2021 National Security Policy has made geo-economics its main pivot. It is therefore essential to look in a coherent and comprehensive manner how Pakistan’s economic relations with other nations should evolve to meet this objective. In designing foreign economic policy we should always keep in mind that such a policy would be a by-product…
At a crucial National Security Council meeting in July 1965, during which President Lyndon Johnson and his advisers were deliberating whether the United States should intervene militarily in South Vietnam with 100,000 troops, US Ambassador to South Vietnam Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr delivered the coup de grâce to those vacillating about the intervention: ‘I feel there is…
October 13 is celebrated as the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction by the United Nations, countries all across the globe are urged to focus on the prevention and minimisation of the risks posed by natural disasters. Disasters have a monumental impact on the economies, lives and basic infrastructure of those affected. In 2022, the…
September 2022 marked the seventh anniversary of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were adopted in September 2015. As a member of the United Nations (UN), Pakistan is strongly committed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as its national development agenda in 2016. The principle thrust of…
SEX vs. GENDER SEX GENDER Biological characteristics (including genetics, anatomy and physiology) that generally define humans as female or male. Note that these biological characteristics are not mutually exclusive; however, there are individuals who possess both male and female characteristics. Socially constructed set of roles and responsibilities associated with being girl and boy or women…
The Election Officer (EO) test of Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) consists of 100 marks with 100 multiple choice questions (MCQs) from: English (30 Qs), the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 (Part I, II & VIII) and Elections Act 2017 (30 Qs), Islamic Studies/ History (10 Qs), Pakistan History and Affairs (10 Qs),…
