The world is pluralistic in many ways. It consists of peoples of diverse racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. Several distinct civilizations have emerged from these diverse peoples. The major civilizations in the contemporary world include Western, Asian, African and Islamic civilizations. With these different civilizations come different ideologies, value systems and worldviews. Although Western…
Articulate for CSS 2025 by Aamir MaharApril 2024 (Volume – I) Hot Topics inside — Download in PDF format
The conflict pits Palestinian aspirations for a state of their own against Israeli demands for security in what it has long regarded as a hostile region. Israel’s founding father David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the modern State of Israel on May 14, 1948, establishing a safe haven for Jews fleeing persecution and seeking a national home on…
Foreign Affairs Magazine Readings | Articles published in the years 2020-23 For all of human history, people have spied on one another. To find out what others are doing or planning to do, people have surveilled, monitored, and eavesdropped—using tools that constantly improved but never displaced their human masters. Artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems…
Special readings for CSS 2023 (Special)/ 2024 exam by CSS Exam Desk Team Hot topics included — Click here to download in the PDF format!
The struggle over most constitutional issues went on for years altogether, often time to an extreme extent under adverse political exploitation. Topic Outline: The Pre-Partition Constitutional History Developments after the birth of a nation The Constitutional Developments (1947-56) The Constitution of Pakistan – 1956 The Imposition of First Martial Law The Basic Democracies The Constitutional…
A book sought by CSS aspirants and students of international relations, Henry Kissinger’s World Order sets the stage by addressing the evolution of the state as a permanent and fundamental entity in conducting international relations. He puts light on the significance of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) in the first institutionalising international order among states….
The book “Pakistan’s Perpetual Crisis and Civil-military Relations (2008-2012): Internal and International Factors” is written by Dr. Nasreen Akhtar. It was published in 2020 in Karachi by the Royal Book Company. Dr. Nasreen Akhtar, based in Pakistan, is a Ph.D. scholar and expert in the discipline of international relations. She has teaching and research experience…
Following write-ups have been covered in the attached PDF document – Can the U.S. Change its Profile in South Asia? (January 30, 2021) Withdrawal of Foreign Troops and Stability in Afghanistan (February 28, 2021) India-Pakistan Relations (April 6, 2021) Peace in Afghanistan After American Withdrawal (April 19, 2021) Who is Responsible for the Sufferings of the Palestinians? (May…
Download the complete readings from here. Though it is well established that China is superior to Taiwan in terms of military strength, there have been questions raised on Taipei’s possible strategy in case Beijing attempts to occupy it by force. Among the most potent tactic come up by Taiwan is an asymmetrical warfare method known…
